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I read more paper books than on the screen but I do find that at my advanced age with my eyesight not able to refocus as quickly I am a much faster reader on a tablet screen than a paper book. With the paper each time I turn a page my eyes are required to refocus. On a tablet or reader I just touch the screen and the page changes....my eyes stay at the same level, stay glued to the page and I can begin reading almost immediatelyi. With the paper book when you tally the time it takes to turn the page and then refocus multiplied over 300+ plus pages it makes a huge difference in the time required. I have not found any difference in retention between the two. Overall I prefer paper books just because BUT my ereader is a boon when I travel as I no longer have to schlepp a box of books.I find that reading on screen requires a very different set of skills than reading on paper. When reading on paper I see the whole page, and I process the information in that context -- the layout of the page often has as much to say to me in conveying the significance of the information as the words themselves. Plus the fact that I read very fast means I often process entire pages rather than single paragraphs at once. On screen, because I have to enlarge the image so much because of my poor vision, I don't see the full page, and I find it much more difficult to interpret what I'm reading. I find screen reading like trying to read thru a blindfold, and I avoid it if at all possible.
Reading news online is a particular problem this way. When I read a newspaper the first thing I do is look over the layout, the play of the story, the arrangement of the headlines. That alone tells me a great deal about the relative significance of what I'm reading, or at least how the editors of the paper want me to view that signficiance -- and understand that informs my interpretation of what I read when I get to the individual articles. It's like scanning a map to get the lay of the land before venturing out into that land.
I can't do this with internet material. On the internet, every article you click on is equal to every other in terms of its layout and its emphasis, and that, again, gives the effect of reading with only one eye open. Even looking at scans of newspapers on line is difficult, because, again, the size of the image I'm forced to use because of my vision makes it impossible for me to see the whole page at a glance.
I suppose a generation of people who learn to read on screens won't have this issue because their brains will be wired differently. But I'm not that generation, and I can't force myself to be. It's a question of hard wiring.