There is/was a "Dilbert" comic strip on the subject of time-travel and future-position.Interesting concept about location. The only sci-fi I ever read that mentioned changing locations being a hazard in time travel had the time machine on a boat, engaging at high tide with the understanding that everything had to be secured for a almost-certain instant fall to whatever level the water was at (on the water due to the extremely unlikely event of colliding with something already there) and had checked for tides to be sure they didn't show up in high seas.
But positions of the planet? I think of stuff like this all the time and even I never thought of that before!
But watch this, it's hilarious:
And as for movies on the subject, I recently saw the 2012 movie, Safety Not Guaranteed and found it to be a really good small-budget film. It didn't hurt that it was filmed not terribly far from where I live, too. But if you're curious, watch the movie. If you read the Wikipedia plot, it's not nearly as fun as watching what happens. I thought it was great watching the whole concept escalate and it had a neat ending, I thought.
In the first frame Dilbert and the other engineers are putting the test-subject/guinea-pig (person) into the time machine. In the second frame (as they are pushing the start button), Dilbert asks if anyone considered planetary motion with time. In the third frame the test-subject/guinea-pig is shown floating in interplanetary space, choking and turning blue.
(There is a bit of inside-engineering humor here, since we take courses that are specifically devoted to the calculation of such things.)